Complete the crossword, then click on "Check" to check your answer. If you are stuck, you can click on "Hint" to get a free letter. Click on a number in the grid to see the clue or clues for that number.

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Across: 2. Something which allows water to pass through it due to cracks or defects 6. A river which does not flow down the main slope of the land. 8. When a meander has almost formed a complete loop, the narrow neck of land may be eroded in flood conditions, allowing the river to by-pass the bend. Silt begins to build up at the entrances to the cut off section, eventually creating a lake 10. The area of land drained by a main river and its tributaries. 11. When a river crosses a band of hard rock differential erosion occurs. The hard rocks erode less quickly than the softer rocks below them. This steepens the river gradient and increases the velocity of the water. Eventually rapids or a ... will be formed. 14. A small ,narrow and usually long channel on a hillside created by flowing water. 15. A valley, usually on either limestone or chalk, which should contain a stream but doesn't. 16. The movement of water down through the soil or cracks in rocks. 18. An abrupt change in slope or gradient of a river, often characterised by waterfalls or rapids over hard rock areas. It is caused by uplift of the land or a drop in sea level leading to rejuvenation. 19. When land is uplifted, or the base level of a river is lowered for any reason, the river's erosive power is increased. The gradient down which it flows is increased and it's powers of vertical erosion are also increased. 21. Hollows in the side of a chalk valley, or sometimes another word for a corries. 23. A deep pool which forms at the base of a waterfall. 24. When rain falls on the top of a dome shape it may run off the surface in any direction. 25. A substance which allows water to pass through it, making use of the spaces between the pores. 26. A very tall column of soil protected by a large rock perched on top. The rock protects the soil beneath it from erosion caused by rainfall. 27. An area of a river which is wide and shallow, the water flowing over a pebble bed with protruding rocks. Friction is high due to the shallow depth and rough bed. 28. This form of drainage develops on a surface composed of alternate layers of hard and soft rocks which all dip in the same direction. A main river will develop which flows in the direction of the slope. This is a Consequent River . It is fed by rivers which form in the vales on either side. These rivers will follow the softer bands of rock which are generally at right angles to the main river. 29. A river which flows down the slope of the landscape in the direction of the rock dip. Literally the river is a 'consequence' of the slope. 31. A river valley is widened by erosion of the valley sides. 32. A meander in a river course which is literally cut off from the present river. When a meander has almost formed a complete loop, the narrow neck of land may be eroded in flood conditions, allowing the river to by-pass the bend. Silt begins to build up at the entrances to the cut off section, eventually creating a lake known as either a cut off or an ... 34. The inside edge of a meander is characterised by slow flow, deposition and the creation of a gently sloping profile which creates progressively deeper water as distance from the inner bend increases. 35. Formed when drips of Calcium Carbonate rich water fall onto the floor of a cave. As the drip hits the floor some of the dissolved Calcium Carbonate is deposited. Over a period of time the deposit accumulated forming a column of Calcium Carbonate growing up from the floor. 36. The zone of saturation between the normal level of the watertable and the level it reaches after heavy rainfall. This area is only saturated during periods of wet weather. 38. The zone of saturation between the surface and the top of the watertable. Water always passes through this zone which never becomes saturated. 39. Drainage pattern resembling the trunk and branches of a tree. 40. Tthe land area which drains into a river. 46. A formation of Calcium Carbonate which hangs down from the roof of a cave or similar structure within limestone rocks. 47. A vertical hole into which a surface stream flows, or used to flow. 50. The part of a river's load which is dissolved in the water. An example is Calcium Carbonate which is dissolved from limestone by acidic water. 52. The zone of saturation in which the pores are always saturated with ground water. 53. A bed of rock which allows water to percolate through it and accumulate within the spaces between the rock particles. 54. The mass movement of earth and rocks down a slope, often caused by soil becoming too heavy to remain stable due to saturation by rainwater, or by earth tremors such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. 55. Rainfall which flows across the surface rather than sinking into the ground. 56. The weathered joints in limestone which surround clints. 57. Raised banks of alluvium along the edges of an old river. When a river floods its banks, the water spreads out and rapidly loses its load carrying ability. Deposition occurs close to the banks, increases their height.

Down: 1. The part of a river where it enters the sea, a lake or even another larger river. 2. A large area of almost flat land. The area is eroded flat by the action of rain and river erosion. More resistant rocks may as isolated sections above the general level of the land. 3. The point at which a river starts. 4. A flat area of land on either side of a river. The soil consists of alluvium which is deposited every time the river floods and overflows it's banks. 5. A vertical hole into which a surface stream flows, or used to flow.(PH) 7. A vertical hole into which a surface stream flows, or used to flow. Pot holes occur in limestone areas where subterranean drainage is developed.(SH) 9. Weathered blocks of limestone surrounded by Grykes. 12. A type of well from which water flows without assistance. This is caused by the base of the well being in rock layers which are saturated and contain water under pressure. 13. A valley with vertical walls created by the headward migration of a waterfall. 17. The process by which rain water soaks into and through the ground. 20. Caused by the erosive action of rivers cutting downwards. 22. The part of a river's load which is carried as particles held in the water. 27. The outer bank of a meander experiences considerable erosion and is often concave and relatively high when compared with the inner bank. It forms a cliff like structure, hence the name 30. The angle of slope down which a river or stream flows. A steep gradient is typical of a young mountain stream, whilst a gentle gradient is typical of a mature lowland river. 33. The level of the groundwater, or the level below which the rocks are saturated with water. 37. A triangular area of deposited silt or alluvium at the mouth of a river. It will occur where a river carries a heavy load and empties into a shallow sea. As the area of silt increases the river tends to divide into many smaller channels. 41. A river or stream which feeds a larger water course. Vertical Erosion 42. When a river crosses a band of hard rock differential erosion occurs. The hard rocks erode less quickly than the softer rocks below them. This steepens the river gradient and increases the velocity of the water, leading to white water flowing over rocks. 43. The load of a stream or river which is moved along its bed. 44. A bend or curve in the course of a river. 45. The classical landscape of Limestone areas, featuring limestone pavements, caves, swallow holes, and other limestone features. Almost all drainage is below the surface, leaving the ground very dry and barren. The name comes from an area of former Yugoslavia along the Adriatic coast. 48. A natural source of water rising out of the ground. 49. A type of stream, common in the chalk areas of Southern England, which flows only during the wetter parts of the year when the water table rises above the bed of the stream. For the remained of the year the watertable is below the stream bed, leaving the stream dry. 51. An area within an arid desert area where water is present at or near the surface.